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Exactly How Loud is Loud? Quantizing Noise Quantized signal differs from the actual signal. It leads to introduction of same distortion called quantizing noise. We use word noise here since the error so introduced is random in nature. Random nature is resulted because the difference between the quantized level or digit and actual signal at that instant of time is completely unpredictable that is random. Satellite 101: Introduction to Satellite Communication A satellite network is a combination of modes that provide communication from one point on the earth to other. A node in the network can be a satellite an earth station, or any end user terminal or a telephone. Although a real satellite such as the moon can be used as a relaying node in the network, the use of artificial satellites is preferred because we can install electronic equipment on the satellite to regenerate the signal that has lost its energy during travel. Just How Many Different Types of Satellites are There? Line of sight propagation requires that the sending and receiving antennas be locked on to each other’s location at all times that is one antenna must have the other in sight. A satellite that moves faster or slower than the earth’s rotation is useful only for short periods of time. Radio 101: Understanding the Radio Telegraph Transmitter Radio Telegraph Transmitter is essentially similar to radio telephone transmitter except for the following differences firstly in the place of a conventionally telephone modulator, a telegraph modulator is used, secondly modulation is done at a lower carrier power level and thirdly class c amplifiers are used throughout, even after modulation since bandwidth involved is small. The Functions of Radio Antennas Radio antennas have two fold functions. First of these functions is to radiate the radio frequency energy generated in the transmitter and fed to the antenna by a transmission line. In this capacity the antenna acts as the impedance matching device to match the impedance of the transmission line to that of free space. The other function of the antenna is to direct the energy into desired direction and to suppress the radiations in unwanted directions